Open Access Publications
From research on the visual systems of turtles, to the perception of faces with or without makeup, to transaccadic perception and perceptual cycles in the brain– VPixx hardware and software solutions have supported research in vision science and beyond for over 20 years. We are immensely proud of the discoveries and accomplishments of our customers across the world.
On this page you will find a non-exhaustive list of peer-reviewed, open access publications citing VPixx tools dating back to 2003. Browse the list or use the tag filter to search for specific products. Note that we report the device used in the paper according to the authors; this may not accurately reflect the specific model of device used (e.g., VIEWPixx vs. VIEWPixx /3D). Nor do we guarantee the accuracy of published content. Please contact our team at [email protected] if you have any questions about a specific paper.
Curious about a specific application of our tools? Can’t find what you are looking for? Our staff scientists are happy to discuss paradigms and protocols using our equipment by email or video chat. Please contact us with your questions.
Want to have your work added to our library? Send us a message at [email protected] and we will add it. Your article must be peer-reviewed, open access, and it must indicate VPixx products were used in the research.
Use the search tool below to search for specific terms among the titles, authors and abstracts in our library.
141.
Habtegiorgis, Selam W.; Rifai, Katharina; Wahl, Siegfried
Transsaccadic transfer of distortion adaptation in a natural environment Journal Article
In: Journal of Vision, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 13, 2018, ISSN: 1534-7362.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{habtegiorgis_transsaccadic_2018,
title = {Transsaccadic transfer of distortion adaptation in a natural environment},
author = {Selam W. Habtegiorgis and Katharina Rifai and Siegfried Wahl},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/18.1.13},
doi = {10.1167/18.1.13},
issn = {1534-7362},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {13},
abstract = {Spatially varying distortions in optical elements—for instance prisms and progressive power lenses—modulate the visual world disparately in different visual areas. Saccadic eye movements in such a complexly distorted environment thereby continuously alter the retinal location of the distortions. Yet the visual system achieves perceptual constancy by compensating for distortions irrespective of their retinal relocations at different fixations. Here, we assessed whether the visual system retains its plasticity to distortions across saccades to attain stability. Specifically, we tapped into reference frames of geometric skew-adaptation aftereffects to evaluate the transfer of retinotopic and spatiotopic distortion information across saccades. Adaptation to skew distortion of natural-image content was tested at retinotopic and spatiotopic locations after a saccade was executed between adaptation and test phases. The skew-adaptation information was partially transferred to a new fixation after a saccade. Significant adaptation aftereffects were obtained at both retinotopic and spatiotopic locations. Conceivably, spatiotopic information was used to counterbalance the saccadic retinal shifts of the distortions. Therefore, distortion processing in a natural visual world does not start anew at each fixation; rather, retinotopic and spatiotopic skew information acquired at previous fixations are preserved to mediate stable perception during eye movements.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Spatially varying distortions in optical elements—for instance prisms and progressive power lenses—modulate the visual world disparately in different visual areas. Saccadic eye movements in such a complexly distorted environment thereby continuously alter the retinal location of the distortions. Yet the visual system achieves perceptual constancy by compensating for distortions irrespective of their retinal relocations at different fixations. Here, we assessed whether the visual system retains its plasticity to distortions across saccades to attain stability. Specifically, we tapped into reference frames of geometric skew-adaptation aftereffects to evaluate the transfer of retinotopic and spatiotopic distortion information across saccades. Adaptation to skew distortion of natural-image content was tested at retinotopic and spatiotopic locations after a saccade was executed between adaptation and test phases. The skew-adaptation information was partially transferred to a new fixation after a saccade. Significant adaptation aftereffects were obtained at both retinotopic and spatiotopic locations. Conceivably, spatiotopic information was used to counterbalance the saccadic retinal shifts of the distortions. Therefore, distortion processing in a natural visual world does not start anew at each fixation; rather, retinotopic and spatiotopic skew information acquired at previous fixations are preserved to mediate stable perception during eye movements.
142.
Hashimoto, Yuki; Yotsumoto, Yuko
The Amount of Time Dilation for Visual Flickers Corresponds to the Amount of Neural Entrainments Measured by EEG Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol. 12, 2018, ISSN: 1662-5188.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{hashimoto_amount_2018,
title = {The Amount of Time Dilation for Visual Flickers Corresponds to the Amount of Neural Entrainments Measured by EEG},
author = {Yuki Hashimoto and Yuko Yotsumoto},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2018.00030},
issn = {1662-5188},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience},
volume = {12},
abstract = {The neural basis of time perception has long attracted the interests of researchers. Recently, a conceptual model consisting of neural oscillators was proposed and validated by behavioral experiments that measured the dilated duration in perception of a flickering stimulus (Hashimoto and Yotsumoto, 2015). The model proposed that flickering stimuli cause neural entrainment of oscillators, resulting in dilated time perception. In this study, we examined the oscillator-based model of time perception, by collecting electroencephalography (EEG) data during an interval-timing task. Initially, subjects observed a stimulus, either flickering at 10-Hz or constantly illuminated. The subjects then reproduced the duration of the stimulus by pressing a button. As reported in previous studies, the subjects reproduced 1.22 times longer durations for flickering stimuli than for continuously illuminated stimuli. The event-related potential (ERP) during the observation of a flicker oscillated at 10 Hz, reflecting the 10-Hz neural activity phase-locked to the flicker. Importantly, the longer reproduced duration was associated with a larger amplitude of the 10-Hz ERP component during the inter-stimulus interval, as well as during the presentation of the flicker. The correlation between the reproduced duration and the 10-Hz oscillation during the inter-stimulus interval suggested that the flicker-induced neural entrainment affected time dilation. While the 10-Hz flickering stimuli induced phase-locked entrainments at 10 Hz, we also observed event-related desynchronizations of spontaneous neural oscillations in the alpha-frequency range. These could be attributed to the activation of excitatory neurons while observing the flicker stimuli. In addition, neural activity at approximately the alpha frequency increased during the reproduction phase, indicating that flicker-induced neural entrainment persisted even after the offset of the flicker. In summary, our results suggest that the duration perception is mediated by neural oscillations, and that time dilation induced by flickering visual stimuli can be attributed to neural entrainment.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The neural basis of time perception has long attracted the interests of researchers. Recently, a conceptual model consisting of neural oscillators was proposed and validated by behavioral experiments that measured the dilated duration in perception of a flickering stimulus (Hashimoto and Yotsumoto, 2015). The model proposed that flickering stimuli cause neural entrainment of oscillators, resulting in dilated time perception. In this study, we examined the oscillator-based model of time perception, by collecting electroencephalography (EEG) data during an interval-timing task. Initially, subjects observed a stimulus, either flickering at 10-Hz or constantly illuminated. The subjects then reproduced the duration of the stimulus by pressing a button. As reported in previous studies, the subjects reproduced 1.22 times longer durations for flickering stimuli than for continuously illuminated stimuli. The event-related potential (ERP) during the observation of a flicker oscillated at 10 Hz, reflecting the 10-Hz neural activity phase-locked to the flicker. Importantly, the longer reproduced duration was associated with a larger amplitude of the 10-Hz ERP component during the inter-stimulus interval, as well as during the presentation of the flicker. The correlation between the reproduced duration and the 10-Hz oscillation during the inter-stimulus interval suggested that the flicker-induced neural entrainment affected time dilation. While the 10-Hz flickering stimuli induced phase-locked entrainments at 10 Hz, we also observed event-related desynchronizations of spontaneous neural oscillations in the alpha-frequency range. These could be attributed to the activation of excitatory neurons while observing the flicker stimuli. In addition, neural activity at approximately the alpha frequency increased during the reproduction phase, indicating that flicker-induced neural entrainment persisted even after the offset of the flicker. In summary, our results suggest that the duration perception is mediated by neural oscillations, and that time dilation induced by flickering visual stimuli can be attributed to neural entrainment.
143.
Kim, Seha; Burge, Johannes
The lawful imprecision of human surface tilt estimation in natural scenes Journal Article
In: eLife, vol. 7, pp. e31448, 2018, ISSN: 2050-084X, (Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3DPolarizer, PROPixx
@article{kim_lawful_2018,
title = {The lawful imprecision of human surface tilt estimation in natural scenes},
author = {Seha Kim and Johannes Burge},
editor = {Jack L Gallant},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.31448},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.31448},
issn = {2050-084X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {7},
pages = {e31448},
abstract = {Estimating local surface orientation (slant and tilt) is fundamental to recovering the three-dimensional structure of the environment. It is unknown how well humans perform this task in natural scenes. Here, with a database of natural stereo-images having groundtruth surface orientation at each pixel, we find dramatic differences in human tilt estimation with natural and artificial stimuli. Estimates are precise and unbiased with artificial stimuli and imprecise and strongly biased with natural stimuli. An image-computable Bayes optimal model grounded in natural scene statistics predicts human bias, precision, and trial-by-trial errors without fitting parameters to the human data. The similarities between human and model performance suggest that the complex human performance patterns with natural stimuli are lawful, and that human visual systems have internalized local image and scene statistics to optimally infer the three-dimensional structure of the environment. These results generalize our understanding of vision from the lab to the real world.},
note = {Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},
keywords = {3DPolarizer, PROPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Estimating local surface orientation (slant and tilt) is fundamental to recovering the three-dimensional structure of the environment. It is unknown how well humans perform this task in natural scenes. Here, with a database of natural stereo-images having groundtruth surface orientation at each pixel, we find dramatic differences in human tilt estimation with natural and artificial stimuli. Estimates are precise and unbiased with artificial stimuli and imprecise and strongly biased with natural stimuli. An image-computable Bayes optimal model grounded in natural scene statistics predicts human bias, precision, and trial-by-trial errors without fitting parameters to the human data. The similarities between human and model performance suggest that the complex human performance patterns with natural stimuli are lawful, and that human visual systems have internalized local image and scene statistics to optimally infer the three-dimensional structure of the environment. These results generalize our understanding of vision from the lab to the real world.
144.
Brown, Alyse; Corner, Molly; Crewther, David P.; Crewther, Sheila G.
Human Flicker Fusion Correlates With Physiological Measures of Magnocellular Neural Efficiency Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 12, 2018, ISSN: 1662-5161.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: DATAPixx, VPixxProgram
@article{brown_human_2018,
title = {Human Flicker Fusion Correlates With Physiological Measures of Magnocellular Neural Efficiency},
author = {Alyse Brown and Molly Corner and David P. Crewther and Sheila G. Crewther},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00176},
issn = {1662-5161},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2023-12-21},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {12},
abstract = {The rapidity with which the visual system can recover from stimulation in order to respond again has important implications for efficiently processing environmental stimuli in real time. To date, there has been little integration of the human psychophysical and physiological research underlying the neural mechanisms contributing to temporal limits on human visual perception. Hence, we investigated the relationship between achromatic flicker fusion frequency and temporal analysis of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) contributions to the achromatic non-linear multifocal Visual Evoked Potential (mfVEP) responses recorded from occipital scalp (Oz). It was hypothesized, on the basis of higher temporal cut-off frequencies reported for primate M vs. P neurons, that sinusoidal flicker fusion frequencies would negatively correlate with the amplitude of M- but not P-generated non-linearities of the mfVEP. This hypothesis was borne out in 72 typically developing young adults using a four-way forced choice sinusoidal flicker fusion task: amplitudes of all non-linearities that demonstrated a clear M-generated component correlated negatively with flicker thresholds. The strongest of these correlations were demonstrated by the main M non-linearity component (K2.1N70−P100) for both high contrast (r = −0.415},
keywords = {DATAPixx, VPixxProgram},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The rapidity with which the visual system can recover from stimulation in order to respond again has important implications for efficiently processing environmental stimuli in real time. To date, there has been little integration of the human psychophysical and physiological research underlying the neural mechanisms contributing to temporal limits on human visual perception. Hence, we investigated the relationship between achromatic flicker fusion frequency and temporal analysis of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) contributions to the achromatic non-linear multifocal Visual Evoked Potential (mfVEP) responses recorded from occipital scalp (Oz). It was hypothesized, on the basis of higher temporal cut-off frequencies reported for primate M vs. P neurons, that sinusoidal flicker fusion frequencies would negatively correlate with the amplitude of M- but not P-generated non-linearities of the mfVEP. This hypothesis was borne out in 72 typically developing young adults using a four-way forced choice sinusoidal flicker fusion task: amplitudes of all non-linearities that demonstrated a clear M-generated component correlated negatively with flicker thresholds. The strongest of these correlations were demonstrated by the main M non-linearity component (K2.1N70−P100) for both high contrast (r = −0.415
145.
Barraza-Bernal, Maria J.; Rifai, Katharina; Wahl, Siegfried
The retinal locus of fixation in simulations of progressing central scotomas Journal Article
In: Journal of Vision, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 7, 2018, ISSN: 1534-7362.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{barraza-bernal_retinal_2018,
title = {The retinal locus of fixation in simulations of progressing central scotomas},
author = {Maria J. Barraza-Bernal and Katharina Rifai and Siegfried Wahl},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/18.1.7},
doi = {10.1167/18.1.7},
issn = {1534-7362},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
abstract = {Patients with central scotoma use a preferred retinal locus (PRL) of fixation to perform visual tasks. Some of the conditions that cause central scotoma are progressive, and as a consequence, the PRL needs to be adjusted throughout the progression. The present study investigates the peripheral locus of fixation in subjects under a simulation of progressive central scotoma. Five normally sighted subjects participated in the study. A foveally centered mask of varying size was presented to simulate the scotoma. Initially, subjects developed a peripheral locus of fixation under simulation of a 6° scotoma, which was used as a baseline. The progression was simulated in two separate conditions: a gradual progression and an abrupt progression. In the gradual progression, the diameter of the scotoma increased by a fixed amount of either 1° or 2° of visual angle, thus scotomas of 8°, 10°, and 11° of visual angle were simulated. In the abrupt progression, the diameter was adjusted individually to span the area of the visual field used by the current peripheral locus of fixation. Subjects located the peripheral locus of fixation along the same meridian under simulation of scotoma progression. Furthermore, no differences between the fixation stability of the baseline locus of fixation and the incremental progression locus of fixation were found whereas, in abrupt progression, the fixation stability decreased significantly. These results provide first insight into fixation behavior in a progressive scotoma and may contribute to the development of training tools for patients with progressive central maculopathies.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patients with central scotoma use a preferred retinal locus (PRL) of fixation to perform visual tasks. Some of the conditions that cause central scotoma are progressive, and as a consequence, the PRL needs to be adjusted throughout the progression. The present study investigates the peripheral locus of fixation in subjects under a simulation of progressive central scotoma. Five normally sighted subjects participated in the study. A foveally centered mask of varying size was presented to simulate the scotoma. Initially, subjects developed a peripheral locus of fixation under simulation of a 6° scotoma, which was used as a baseline. The progression was simulated in two separate conditions: a gradual progression and an abrupt progression. In the gradual progression, the diameter of the scotoma increased by a fixed amount of either 1° or 2° of visual angle, thus scotomas of 8°, 10°, and 11° of visual angle were simulated. In the abrupt progression, the diameter was adjusted individually to span the area of the visual field used by the current peripheral locus of fixation. Subjects located the peripheral locus of fixation along the same meridian under simulation of scotoma progression. Furthermore, no differences between the fixation stability of the baseline locus of fixation and the incremental progression locus of fixation were found whereas, in abrupt progression, the fixation stability decreased significantly. These results provide first insight into fixation behavior in a progressive scotoma and may contribute to the development of training tools for patients with progressive central maculopathies.
146.
Alexander, Bonnie; Laycock, Robin; Crewther, David P.; Crewther, Sheila G.
An fMRI-Neuronavigated Chronometric TMS Investigation of V5 and Intraparietal Cortex in Motion Driven Attention Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 11, pp. 638, 2018, ISSN: 1662-5161.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: DATAPixx, RESPONSEPixx, VPixxProgram
@article{alexander_fmri-neuronavigated_2018,
title = {An fMRI-Neuronavigated Chronometric TMS Investigation of V5 and Intraparietal Cortex in Motion Driven Attention},
author = {Bonnie Alexander and Robin Laycock and David P. Crewther and Sheila G. Crewther},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758491/},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2017.00638},
issn = {1662-5161},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2023-12-21},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {11},
pages = {638},
abstract = {The timing of networked brain activity subserving motion driven attention in humans is currently unclear. Functional MRI (fMRI)-neuronavigated chronometric transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate critical times of parietal cortex involvement in motion driven attention. In particular, we were interested in the relative critical times for two intraparietal sulcus (IPS) sites in comparison to that previously identified for motion processing in area V5, and to explore potential earlier times of involvement. fMRI was used to individually localize V5 and middle and posterior intraparietal sulcus (mIPS; pIPS) areas active for a motion driven attention task, prior to TMS neuronavigation. Paired-pulse TMS was applied during performance of the same task at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) ranging from 0 to 180 ms. There were no statistically significant decreases in performance accuracy for trials where TMS was applied to V5 at any SOA, though stimulation intensity was lower for this site than for the parietal sites. For TMS applied to mIPS, there was a trend toward a relative decrease in performance accuracy at the 150 ms SOA, as well as a relative increase at 180 ms. There was no statistically significant effect overall of TMS applied to pIPS, however, there appeared a potential trend toward a decrease in performance at the 0 ms SOA. Overall, these results provide some patterns of potential theoretical interest to follow up in future studies.},
keywords = {DATAPixx, RESPONSEPixx, VPixxProgram},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The timing of networked brain activity subserving motion driven attention in humans is currently unclear. Functional MRI (fMRI)-neuronavigated chronometric transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate critical times of parietal cortex involvement in motion driven attention. In particular, we were interested in the relative critical times for two intraparietal sulcus (IPS) sites in comparison to that previously identified for motion processing in area V5, and to explore potential earlier times of involvement. fMRI was used to individually localize V5 and middle and posterior intraparietal sulcus (mIPS; pIPS) areas active for a motion driven attention task, prior to TMS neuronavigation. Paired-pulse TMS was applied during performance of the same task at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) ranging from 0 to 180 ms. There were no statistically significant decreases in performance accuracy for trials where TMS was applied to V5 at any SOA, though stimulation intensity was lower for this site than for the parietal sites. For TMS applied to mIPS, there was a trend toward a relative decrease in performance accuracy at the 150 ms SOA, as well as a relative increase at 180 ms. There was no statistically significant effect overall of TMS applied to pIPS, however, there appeared a potential trend toward a decrease in performance at the 0 ms SOA. Overall, these results provide some patterns of potential theoretical interest to follow up in future studies.
147.
Stewart, Emma E. M.; Schütz, Alexander C.
Attention modulates trans-saccadic integration Journal Article
In: Vision Research, vol. 142, pp. 1–10, 2018, ISSN: 0042-6989.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: PROPixx
@article{stewart_attention_2018,
title = {Attention modulates trans-saccadic integration},
author = {Emma E. M. Stewart and Alexander C. Schütz},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698917302274},
doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2017.11.006},
issn = {0042-6989},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2023-12-21},
journal = {Vision Research},
volume = {142},
pages = {1–10},
abstract = {With every saccade, humans must reconcile the low resolution peripheral information available before a saccade, with the high resolution foveal information acquired after the saccade. While research has shown that we are able to integrate peripheral and foveal vision in a near-optimal manner, it is still unclear which mechanisms may underpin this important perceptual process. One potential mechanism that may moderate this integration process is visual attention. Pre-saccadic attention is a well documented phenomenon, whereby visual attention shifts to the location of an upcoming saccade before the saccade is executed. While it plays an important role in other peri-saccadic processes such as predictive remapping, the role of attention in the integration process is as yet unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the presentation of an attentional distractor during a saccade impaired trans-saccadic integration, and to measure the time-course of this impairment. Results showed that presenting an attentional distractor impaired integration performance both before saccade onset, and during the saccade, in selected subjects who showed integration in the absence of a distractor. This suggests that visual attention may be a mechanism that facilitates trans-saccadic integration.},
keywords = {PROPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With every saccade, humans must reconcile the low resolution peripheral information available before a saccade, with the high resolution foveal information acquired after the saccade. While research has shown that we are able to integrate peripheral and foveal vision in a near-optimal manner, it is still unclear which mechanisms may underpin this important perceptual process. One potential mechanism that may moderate this integration process is visual attention. Pre-saccadic attention is a well documented phenomenon, whereby visual attention shifts to the location of an upcoming saccade before the saccade is executed. While it plays an important role in other peri-saccadic processes such as predictive remapping, the role of attention in the integration process is as yet unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the presentation of an attentional distractor during a saccade impaired trans-saccadic integration, and to measure the time-course of this impairment. Results showed that presenting an attentional distractor impaired integration performance both before saccade onset, and during the saccade, in selected subjects who showed integration in the absence of a distractor. This suggests that visual attention may be a mechanism that facilitates trans-saccadic integration.
148.
Leube, Alexander; Schilling, Tim; Ohlendorf, Arne; Kern, David; Ochakovski, Alex G.; Fischer, M. Dominik; Wahl, Siegfried
Individual neural transfer function affects the prediction of subjective depth of focus Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1919, 2018, ISSN: 2045-2322, (Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{leube_individual_2018,
title = {Individual neural transfer function affects the prediction of subjective depth of focus},
author = {Alexander Leube and Tim Schilling and Arne Ohlendorf and David Kern and Alex G. Ochakovski and M. Dominik Fischer and Siegfried Wahl},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20344-x},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-20344-x},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-08},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1919},
abstract = {Attempts to accurately predict the depth of focus (DoF) based on objective metrics have failed so far. We investigated the effect of the individual neural transfer function (iNTF) on the quality of the prediction of the subjective DoF from objective wavefront measures. Subjective DoF was assessed in 22 participants using subjective through focus curves of visual acuity (VA). Objective defocus curves were calculated for visual Strehl metrics of the optical (VSOTFa) and the modulation transfer function as well as the point spread function. DoF was computed for residual lower order aberrations (rLoA) and incorporation of iNTF. Correlations between subjective and objective DoF did not reach significance, when a) standard metrics were used and b) rLoA were considered (rmax = 0.33, pall > 0.05). By incorporating the iNTF of the individuals in the calculation of the objective DoF from the VSOTFa metric, a moderate statistically significant correlation was found (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, Pearson). The iNTF of the individual’s eye is fundamental for the prediction of subjective DoF using the VSOTFa metric. Individualized predictions could aid future application in the correction of refractive errors like presbyopia using intraocular lenses.},
note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Attempts to accurately predict the depth of focus (DoF) based on objective metrics have failed so far. We investigated the effect of the individual neural transfer function (iNTF) on the quality of the prediction of the subjective DoF from objective wavefront measures. Subjective DoF was assessed in 22 participants using subjective through focus curves of visual acuity (VA). Objective defocus curves were calculated for visual Strehl metrics of the optical (VSOTFa) and the modulation transfer function as well as the point spread function. DoF was computed for residual lower order aberrations (rLoA) and incorporation of iNTF. Correlations between subjective and objective DoF did not reach significance, when a) standard metrics were used and b) rLoA were considered (rmax = 0.33, pall > 0.05). By incorporating the iNTF of the individuals in the calculation of the objective DoF from the VSOTFa metric, a moderate statistically significant correlation was found (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, Pearson). The iNTF of the individual’s eye is fundamental for the prediction of subjective DoF using the VSOTFa metric. Individualized predictions could aid future application in the correction of refractive errors like presbyopia using intraocular lenses.
149.
Kilpeläinen, Markku; Georgeson, Mark A.
Luminance gradient at object borders communicates object location to the human oculomotor system Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1593, 2018, ISSN: 2045-2322, (Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx
@article{kilpelainen_luminance_2018,
title = {Luminance gradient at object borders communicates object location to the human oculomotor system},
author = {Markku Kilpeläinen and Mark A. Georgeson},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19464-1},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-19464-1},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-12},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1593},
abstract = {The locations of objects in our environment constitute arguably the most important piece of information our visual system must convey to facilitate successful visually guided behaviour. However, the relevant objects are usually not point-like and do not have one unique location attribute. Relatively little is known about how the visual system represents the location of such large objects as visual processing is, both on neural and perceptual level, highly edge dominated. In this study, human observers made saccades to the centres of luminance defined squares (width 4 deg), which appeared at random locations (8 deg eccentricity). The phase structure of the square was manipulated such that the points of maximum luminance gradient at the square’s edges shifted from trial to trial. The average saccade endpoints of all subjects followed those shifts in remarkable quantitative agreement. Further experiments showed that the shifts were caused by the edge manipulations, not by changes in luminance structure near the centre of the square or outside the square. We conclude that the human visual system programs saccades to large luminance defined square objects based on edge locations derived from the points of maximum luminance gradients at the square’s edges.},
note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
keywords = {VIEWPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The locations of objects in our environment constitute arguably the most important piece of information our visual system must convey to facilitate successful visually guided behaviour. However, the relevant objects are usually not point-like and do not have one unique location attribute. Relatively little is known about how the visual system represents the location of such large objects as visual processing is, both on neural and perceptual level, highly edge dominated. In this study, human observers made saccades to the centres of luminance defined squares (width 4 deg), which appeared at random locations (8 deg eccentricity). The phase structure of the square was manipulated such that the points of maximum luminance gradient at the square’s edges shifted from trial to trial. The average saccade endpoints of all subjects followed those shifts in remarkable quantitative agreement. Further experiments showed that the shifts were caused by the edge manipulations, not by changes in luminance structure near the centre of the square or outside the square. We conclude that the human visual system programs saccades to large luminance defined square objects based on edge locations derived from the points of maximum luminance gradients at the square’s edges.
150.
Alexi, Joanna; Cleary, Dominique; Dommisse, Kendra; Palermo, Romina; Kloth, Nadine; Burr, David; Bell, Jason
Past visual experiences weigh in on body size estimation Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 215, 2018, ISSN: 2045-2322, (Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx
@article{alexi_past_2018,
title = {Past visual experiences weigh in on body size estimation},
author = {Joanna Alexi and Dominique Cleary and Kendra Dommisse and Romina Palermo and Nadine Kloth and David Burr and Jason Bell},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-18418-3},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-18418-3},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-17},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {215},
abstract = {Body size is a salient marker of physical health, with extremes implicated in various mental and physical health issues. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms of perception of body size of self and others. We report a novel technique we term the bodyline, based on the numberline technique in numerosity studies. One hundred and three young women judged the size of sequentially presented female body images by positioning a marker on a line, delineated with images of extreme sizes. Participants performed this task easily and well, with average standard deviations less than 6% of the total scale. Critically, judgments of size were biased towards the previously viewed body, demonstrating that serial dependencies occur in the judgment of body size. The magnitude of serial dependence was well predicted by a simple Kalman-filter ideal-observer model, suggesting that serial dependence occurs in an optimal, adaptive way to improve performance in size judgments.},
note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
keywords = {VIEWPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Body size is a salient marker of physical health, with extremes implicated in various mental and physical health issues. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms of perception of body size of self and others. We report a novel technique we term the bodyline, based on the numberline technique in numerosity studies. One hundred and three young women judged the size of sequentially presented female body images by positioning a marker on a line, delineated with images of extreme sizes. Participants performed this task easily and well, with average standard deviations less than 6% of the total scale. Critically, judgments of size were biased towards the previously viewed body, demonstrating that serial dependencies occur in the judgment of body size. The magnitude of serial dependence was well predicted by a simple Kalman-filter ideal-observer model, suggesting that serial dependence occurs in an optimal, adaptive way to improve performance in size judgments.
151.
Wise, Adrienne; Barnett-Cowan, Michael
Perceived Simultaneity and Temporal Order of Audiovisual Events Following Concussion Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 12, 2018, ISSN: 1662-5161.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VPixxProgram
@article{wise_perceived_2018,
title = {Perceived Simultaneity and Temporal Order of Audiovisual Events Following Concussion},
author = {Adrienne Wise and Michael Barnett-Cowan},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00139},
issn = {1662-5161},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-17},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {12},
abstract = {The central nervous system allows for a limited time span referred to as the temporal binding window (TBW) in order to rapidly determine whether multisensory events correspond with the same event. Failure to correctly identify whether multisensory events occur simultaneously and their sequential order can lead to inaccurate representations of the physical world, poor decision-making and dangerous behavior. Damage to the neural systems that coordinate the relative timing of sensory events may explain some of the long-term consequences associated with concussion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the perception of simultaneity and the discrimination of temporal order of audiovisual stimuli are impaired in those with a history of concussion. Fifty participants (17 with concussion history) were recruited to complete audiovisual simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks. From these tasks, the TBW and point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) were extracted to assess whether the precision and or the accuracy of temporal perception changes with concussion, respectively. Results demonstrated that those with concussion history have a significantly wider TBW (less precise), with no significant change in the PSS (no change in accuracy), particularly for the TOJ task but no significant differences were found between the SJ and TOJ tasks. Importantly, a negative correlation between the time elapsed since last concussion and TBW width in the TOJ task suggests that precision in temporal perception does improve over time. These findings suggest that those with concussion history display an impairment in the perceived timing of sensory events and that monitoring performance in the SJ and TOJ tasks may be a useful additional assessment tool when making decisions about returning to regular work and play following concussion.},
keywords = {VPixxProgram},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The central nervous system allows for a limited time span referred to as the temporal binding window (TBW) in order to rapidly determine whether multisensory events correspond with the same event. Failure to correctly identify whether multisensory events occur simultaneously and their sequential order can lead to inaccurate representations of the physical world, poor decision-making and dangerous behavior. Damage to the neural systems that coordinate the relative timing of sensory events may explain some of the long-term consequences associated with concussion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the perception of simultaneity and the discrimination of temporal order of audiovisual stimuli are impaired in those with a history of concussion. Fifty participants (17 with concussion history) were recruited to complete audiovisual simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks. From these tasks, the TBW and point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) were extracted to assess whether the precision and or the accuracy of temporal perception changes with concussion, respectively. Results demonstrated that those with concussion history have a significantly wider TBW (less precise), with no significant change in the PSS (no change in accuracy), particularly for the TOJ task but no significant differences were found between the SJ and TOJ tasks. Importantly, a negative correlation between the time elapsed since last concussion and TBW width in the TOJ task suggests that precision in temporal perception does improve over time. These findings suggest that those with concussion history display an impairment in the perceived timing of sensory events and that monitoring performance in the SJ and TOJ tasks may be a useful additional assessment tool when making decisions about returning to regular work and play following concussion.
152.
Basharat, Aysha; Adams, Meaghan S.; Staines, William R.; Barnett-Cowan, Michael
Simultaneity and Temporal Order Judgments Are Coded Differently and Change With Age: An Event-Related Potential Study Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 12, 2018, ISSN: 1662-5145.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: PROPixx, RESPONSEPixx, VPixxProgram
@article{basharat_simultaneity_2018,
title = {Simultaneity and Temporal Order Judgments Are Coded Differently and Change With Age: An Event-Related Potential Study},
author = {Aysha Basharat and Meaghan S. Adams and William R. Staines and Michael Barnett-Cowan},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2018.00015},
issn = {1662-5145},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-17},
journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
volume = {12},
abstract = {Multisensory integration is required for a number of daily living tasks where the inability to accurately identify simultaneity and temporality of multisensory events results in errors in judgment leading to poor decision-making and dangerous behavior. Previously, our lab discovered that older adults exhibited impaired timing of audiovisual events, particularly when making temporal order judgments (TOJs). Simultaneity judgments (SJs), however, were preserved across the lifespan. Here, we investigate the difference between the TOJ and SJ tasks in younger and older adults to assess neural processing differences between these two tasks and across the lifespan. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were studied to determine between-task and between-age differences. Results revealed task specific differences in perceiving simultaneity and temporal order, suggesting that each task may be subserved via different neural mechanisms. Here, auditory N1 and visual P1 ERP amplitudes confirmed that unisensory processing of audiovisual stimuli did not differ between the two tasks within both younger and older groups, indicating that performance differences between tasks arise either from multisensory integration or higher-level decision-making. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a sustained higher auditory N1 ERP amplitude response across SOAs, suggestive of broader response properties from an extended temporal binding window. Our work provides compelling evidence that different neural mechanisms subserve the SJ and TOJ tasks and that simultaneity and temporal order perception are coded differently and change with age.},
keywords = {PROPixx, RESPONSEPixx, VPixxProgram},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Multisensory integration is required for a number of daily living tasks where the inability to accurately identify simultaneity and temporality of multisensory events results in errors in judgment leading to poor decision-making and dangerous behavior. Previously, our lab discovered that older adults exhibited impaired timing of audiovisual events, particularly when making temporal order judgments (TOJs). Simultaneity judgments (SJs), however, were preserved across the lifespan. Here, we investigate the difference between the TOJ and SJ tasks in younger and older adults to assess neural processing differences between these two tasks and across the lifespan. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were studied to determine between-task and between-age differences. Results revealed task specific differences in perceiving simultaneity and temporal order, suggesting that each task may be subserved via different neural mechanisms. Here, auditory N1 and visual P1 ERP amplitudes confirmed that unisensory processing of audiovisual stimuli did not differ between the two tasks within both younger and older groups, indicating that performance differences between tasks arise either from multisensory integration or higher-level decision-making. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a sustained higher auditory N1 ERP amplitude response across SOAs, suggestive of broader response properties from an extended temporal binding window. Our work provides compelling evidence that different neural mechanisms subserve the SJ and TOJ tasks and that simultaneity and temporal order perception are coded differently and change with age.
153.
Fournier, Julien; Müller, Christian M.; Schneider, Ingmar; Laurent, Gilles
Spatial Information in a Non-retinotopic Visual Cortex Journal Article
In: Neuron, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 164–180.e7, 2018, ISSN: 0896-6273, (Publisher: Elsevier).
Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{fournier_spatial_2018,
title = {Spatial Information in a Non-retinotopic Visual Cortex},
author = {Julien Fournier and Christian M. Müller and Ingmar Schneider and Gilles Laurent},
url = {https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(17)31070-X},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.017},
issn = {0896-6273},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-17},
journal = {Neuron},
volume = {97},
number = {1},
pages = {164–180.e7},
note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
154.
Barraza-Bernal, Maria J.; Rifai, Katharina; Wahl, Siegfried
Transfer of an induced preferred retinal locus of fixation to everyday life visual tasks Journal Article
In: Journal of Vision, vol. 17, no. 14, pp. 2, 2017, ISSN: 1534-7362.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{barraza-bernal_transfer_2017,
title = {Transfer of an induced preferred retinal locus of fixation to everyday life visual tasks},
author = {Maria J. Barraza-Bernal and Katharina Rifai and Siegfried Wahl},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/17.14.2},
doi = {10.1167/17.14.2},
issn = {1534-7362},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {17},
number = {14},
pages = {2},
abstract = {Subjects develop a preferred retinal locus of fixation (PRL) under simulation of central scotoma. If systematic relocations are applied to the stimulus position, PRLs manifest at a location in favor of the stimulus relocation. The present study investigates whether the induced PRL is transferred to important visual tasks in daily life, namely pursuit eye movements, signage reading, and text reading. Fifteen subjects with normal sight participated in the study. To develop a PRL, all subjects underwent a scotoma simulation in a prior study, where five subjects were trained to develop the PRL in the left hemifield, five different subjects on the right hemifield, and the remaining five subjects could naturally chose the PRL location. The position of this PRL was used as baseline. Under central scotoma simulation, subjects performed a pursuit task, a signage reading task, and a reading-text task. In addition, retention of the behavior was also studied. Results showed that the PRL position was transferred to the pursuit task and that the vertical location of the PRL was maintained on the text reading task. However, when reading signage, a function-driven change in PRL location was observed. In addition, retention of the PRL position was observed over weeks and months. These results indicate that PRL positions can be induced and may further transferred to everyday life visual tasks, without hindering function-driven changes in PRL position.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Subjects develop a preferred retinal locus of fixation (PRL) under simulation of central scotoma. If systematic relocations are applied to the stimulus position, PRLs manifest at a location in favor of the stimulus relocation. The present study investigates whether the induced PRL is transferred to important visual tasks in daily life, namely pursuit eye movements, signage reading, and text reading. Fifteen subjects with normal sight participated in the study. To develop a PRL, all subjects underwent a scotoma simulation in a prior study, where five subjects were trained to develop the PRL in the left hemifield, five different subjects on the right hemifield, and the remaining five subjects could naturally chose the PRL location. The position of this PRL was used as baseline. Under central scotoma simulation, subjects performed a pursuit task, a signage reading task, and a reading-text task. In addition, retention of the behavior was also studied. Results showed that the PRL position was transferred to the pursuit task and that the vertical location of the PRL was maintained on the text reading task. However, when reading signage, a function-driven change in PRL location was observed. In addition, retention of the PRL position was observed over weeks and months. These results indicate that PRL positions can be induced and may further transferred to everyday life visual tasks, without hindering function-driven changes in PRL position.
155.
Wolf, Christian; Heuer, Anna; Schubö, Anna; Schütz, Alexander C.
The necessity to choose causes the effects of reward on saccade preparation Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 16966, 2017, ISSN: 2045-2322, (Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx
@article{wolf_necessity_2017,
title = {The necessity to choose causes the effects of reward on saccade preparation},
author = {Christian Wolf and Anna Heuer and Anna Schubö and Alexander C. Schütz},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17164-w},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-17164-w},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2024-01-18},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {16966},
abstract = {When humans have to choose between different options, they can maximize their payoff by choosing the option that yields the highest reward. Information about reward is not only used to optimize decisions but also for movement preparation to minimize reaction times to rewarded targets. Here, we show that this is especially true in contexts in which participants additionally have to choose between different options. We probed eye movement preparation by measuring saccade latencies to differently rewarded single targets (single-trial) appearing left or right from fixation. In choice-trials, both targets were displayed and participants were free to decide for one target to receive the corresponding reward. In blocks without choice-trials, single-trial latencies were not or only weakly affected by reward. With choice-trials present, the influence of reward increased with the proportion and difficulty of choices and decreased when a cue indicated that no choice will be necessary. Choices caused a delay in subsequent single-trial responses to the non-chosen option. Taken together, our results suggest that reward affects saccade preparation mainly when the outcome is uncertain and depends on the participants’ behavior, for instance when they have to choose between targets differing in reward.},
note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
keywords = {VIEWPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When humans have to choose between different options, they can maximize their payoff by choosing the option that yields the highest reward. Information about reward is not only used to optimize decisions but also for movement preparation to minimize reaction times to rewarded targets. Here, we show that this is especially true in contexts in which participants additionally have to choose between different options. We probed eye movement preparation by measuring saccade latencies to differently rewarded single targets (single-trial) appearing left or right from fixation. In choice-trials, both targets were displayed and participants were free to decide for one target to receive the corresponding reward. In blocks without choice-trials, single-trial latencies were not or only weakly affected by reward. With choice-trials present, the influence of reward increased with the proportion and difficulty of choices and decreased when a cue indicated that no choice will be necessary. Choices caused a delay in subsequent single-trial responses to the non-chosen option. Taken together, our results suggest that reward affects saccade preparation mainly when the outcome is uncertain and depends on the participants’ behavior, for instance when they have to choose between targets differing in reward.
156.
Ho, Hao Tam; Leung, Johahn; Burr, David C.; Alais, David; Morrone, Maria Concetta
Auditory Sensitivity and Decision Criteria Oscillate at Different Frequencies Separately for the Two Ears Journal Article
In: Current Biology, vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 3643–3649.e3, 2017, ISSN: 0960-9822.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: RESPONSEPixx
@article{ho_auditory_2017,
title = {Auditory Sensitivity and Decision Criteria Oscillate at Different Frequencies Separately for the Two Ears},
author = {Hao Tam Ho and Johahn Leung and David C. Burr and David Alais and Maria Concetta Morrone},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217313209},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.017},
issn = {0960-9822},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2023-12-21},
journal = {Current Biology},
volume = {27},
number = {23},
pages = {3643–3649.e3},
abstract = {Many behavioral measures of visual perception fluctuate continually in a rhythmic manner, reflecting the influence of endogenous brain oscillations, particularly theta (∼4–7 Hz) and alpha (∼8–12 Hz) rhythms [1, 2, 3]. However, it is unclear whether these oscillations are unique to vision or whether auditory performance also oscillates [4, 5]. Several studies report no oscillatory modulation in audition [6, 7], while those with positive findings suffer from confounds relating to neural entrainment [8, 9, 10]. Here, we used a bilateral pitch-identification task to investigate rhythmic fluctuations in auditory performance separately for the two ears and applied signal detection theory (SDT) to test for oscillations of both sensitivity and criterion (changes in decision boundary) [11, 12]. Using uncorrelated dichotic white noise to induce a phase reset of oscillations, we demonstrate that, as with vision, both auditory sensitivity and criterion showed strong oscillations over time, at different frequencies: ∼6 Hz (theta range) for sensitivity and ∼8 Hz (low alpha range) for criterion, implying distinct underlying sampling mechanisms [13]. The modulation in sensitivity in left and right ears was in antiphase, suggestive of attention-like mechanisms sampling alternatively from the two ears.},
keywords = {RESPONSEPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many behavioral measures of visual perception fluctuate continually in a rhythmic manner, reflecting the influence of endogenous brain oscillations, particularly theta (∼4–7 Hz) and alpha (∼8–12 Hz) rhythms [1, 2, 3]. However, it is unclear whether these oscillations are unique to vision or whether auditory performance also oscillates [4, 5]. Several studies report no oscillatory modulation in audition [6, 7], while those with positive findings suffer from confounds relating to neural entrainment [8, 9, 10]. Here, we used a bilateral pitch-identification task to investigate rhythmic fluctuations in auditory performance separately for the two ears and applied signal detection theory (SDT) to test for oscillations of both sensitivity and criterion (changes in decision boundary) [11, 12]. Using uncorrelated dichotic white noise to induce a phase reset of oscillations, we demonstrate that, as with vision, both auditory sensitivity and criterion showed strong oscillations over time, at different frequencies: ∼6 Hz (theta range) for sensitivity and ∼8 Hz (low alpha range) for criterion, implying distinct underlying sampling mechanisms [13]. The modulation in sensitivity in left and right ears was in antiphase, suggestive of attention-like mechanisms sampling alternatively from the two ears.
157.
Turano, Maria Teresa; Lao, Junpeng; Richoz, Anne-Raphaëlle; de Lissa, Peter; Degosciu, Sarah B A; Viggiano, Maria Pia; Caldara, Roberto
Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces Journal Article
In: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1959–1971, 2017, ISSN: 1749-5016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{turano_fear_2017,
title = {Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces},
author = {Maria Teresa Turano and Junpeng Lao and Anne-Raphaëlle Richoz and Peter de Lissa and Sarah B A Degosciu and Maria Pia Viggiano and Roberto Caldara},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx110},
doi = {10.1093/scan/nsx110},
issn = {1749-5016},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2024-01-03},
journal = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {1959–1971},
abstract = {The rapid extraction of facial identity and emotional expressions is critical for adapted social interactions. These biologically relevant abilities have been associated with early neural responses on the face sensitive N170 component. However, whether all facial expressions uniformly modulate the N170, and whether this effect occurs only when emotion categorization is task-relevant, is still unclear. To clarify this issue, we recorded high-resolution electrophysiological signals while 22 observers perceived the six basic expressions plus neutral. We used a repetition suppression paradigm, with an adaptor followed by a target face displaying the same identity and expression (trials of interest). We also included catch trials to which participants had to react, by varying identity (identity-task), expression (expression-task) or both (dual-task) on the target face. We extracted single-trial Repetition Suppression (stRS) responses using a data-driven spatiotemporal approach with a robust hierarchical linear model to isolate adaptation effects on the trials of interest. Regardless of the task, fear was the only expression modulating the N170, eliciting the strongest stRS responses. This observation was corroborated by distinct behavioral performance during the catch trials for this facial expression. Altogether, our data reinforce the view that fear elicits distinct neural processes in the brain, enhancing attention and facilitating the early coding of faces.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The rapid extraction of facial identity and emotional expressions is critical for adapted social interactions. These biologically relevant abilities have been associated with early neural responses on the face sensitive N170 component. However, whether all facial expressions uniformly modulate the N170, and whether this effect occurs only when emotion categorization is task-relevant, is still unclear. To clarify this issue, we recorded high-resolution electrophysiological signals while 22 observers perceived the six basic expressions plus neutral. We used a repetition suppression paradigm, with an adaptor followed by a target face displaying the same identity and expression (trials of interest). We also included catch trials to which participants had to react, by varying identity (identity-task), expression (expression-task) or both (dual-task) on the target face. We extracted single-trial Repetition Suppression (stRS) responses using a data-driven spatiotemporal approach with a robust hierarchical linear model to isolate adaptation effects on the trials of interest. Regardless of the task, fear was the only expression modulating the N170, eliciting the strongest stRS responses. This observation was corroborated by distinct behavioral performance during the catch trials for this facial expression. Altogether, our data reinforce the view that fear elicits distinct neural processes in the brain, enhancing attention and facilitating the early coding of faces.
158.
Park, Bo‐yong; Tark, Kyeong‐Jin; Shim, Won Mok; Park, Hyunjin
Functional connectivity based parcellation of early visual cortices Journal Article
In: Human Brain Mapping, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1380–1390, 2017, ISSN: 1065-9471.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: PROPixx
@article{park_functional_2017,
title = {Functional connectivity based parcellation of early visual cortices},
author = {Bo‐yong Park and Kyeong‐Jin Tark and Won Mok Shim and Hyunjin Park},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6866351/},
doi = {10.1002/hbm.23926},
issn = {1065-9471},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2024-01-03},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {1380–1390},
abstract = {Human brain can be divided into multiple brain regions based on anatomical and functional properties. Recent studies showed that resting‐state connectivity can be utilized for parcellating brain regions and identifying their distinctive roles. In this study, we aimed to parcellate the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1 and V2) into several subregions based on functional connectivity and to examine the functional characteristics of each subregion. We used resting‐state data from a research database and also acquired resting‐state data with retinotopy results from a local site. The long‐range connectivity profile and three different algorithms (i.e., K‐means, Gaussian mixture model distribution, and Ward's clustering algorithms) were adopted for the parcellation. We compared the parcellation results within V1 and V2 with the eccentric map in retinotopy. We found that the boundaries between subregions within V1 and V2 were located in the parafovea, indicating that the anterior and posterior subregions within V1 and V2 corresponded to peripheral and central visual field representations, respectively. Next, we computed correlations between each subregion within V1 and V2 and intermediate and high‐order regions in ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We found that the anterior subregions of V1 and V2 were strongly associated with regions in the dorsal stream (V3A and inferior parietal gyrus), whereas the posterior subregions of V1 and V2 were highly related to regions in the ventral stream (V4v and inferior temporal gyrus). Our findings suggest that the anterior and posterior subregions of V1 and V2, parcellated based on functional connectivity, may have distinct functional properties.},
keywords = {PROPixx},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Human brain can be divided into multiple brain regions based on anatomical and functional properties. Recent studies showed that resting‐state connectivity can be utilized for parcellating brain regions and identifying their distinctive roles. In this study, we aimed to parcellate the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1 and V2) into several subregions based on functional connectivity and to examine the functional characteristics of each subregion. We used resting‐state data from a research database and also acquired resting‐state data with retinotopy results from a local site. The long‐range connectivity profile and three different algorithms (i.e., K‐means, Gaussian mixture model distribution, and Ward's clustering algorithms) were adopted for the parcellation. We compared the parcellation results within V1 and V2 with the eccentric map in retinotopy. We found that the boundaries between subregions within V1 and V2 were located in the parafovea, indicating that the anterior and posterior subregions within V1 and V2 corresponded to peripheral and central visual field representations, respectively. Next, we computed correlations between each subregion within V1 and V2 and intermediate and high‐order regions in ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We found that the anterior subregions of V1 and V2 were strongly associated with regions in the dorsal stream (V3A and inferior parietal gyrus), whereas the posterior subregions of V1 and V2 were highly related to regions in the ventral stream (V4v and inferior temporal gyrus). Our findings suggest that the anterior and posterior subregions of V1 and V2, parcellated based on functional connectivity, may have distinct functional properties.
159.
Ohl, Sven; Kuper, Clara; Rolfs, Martin
Selective enhancement of orientation tuning before saccades Journal Article
In: Journal of Vision, vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 2, 2017, ISSN: 1534-7362.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D
@article{ohl_selective_2017,
title = {Selective enhancement of orientation tuning before saccades},
author = {Sven Ohl and Clara Kuper and Martin Rolfs},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/17.13.2},
doi = {10.1167/17.13.2},
issn = {1534-7362},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
urldate = {2023-12-21},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {17},
number = {13},
pages = {2},
abstract = {Saccadic eye movements cause a rapid sweep of the visual image across the retina and bring the saccade's target into high-acuity foveal vision. Even before saccade onset, visual processing is selectively prioritized at the saccade target. To determine how this presaccadic attention shift exerts its influence on visual selection, we compare the dynamics of perceptual tuning curves before movement onset at the saccade target and in the opposite hemifield. Participants monitored a 30-Hz sequence of randomly oriented gratings for a target orientation. Combining a reverse correlation technique previously used to study orientation tuning in neurons and general additive mixed modeling, we found that perceptual reports were tuned to the target orientation. The gain of orientation tuning increased markedly within the last 100 ms before saccade onset. In addition, we observed finer orientation tuning right before saccade onset. This increase in gain and tuning occurred at the saccade target location and was not observed at the incongruent location in the opposite hemifield. The present findings suggest, therefore, that presaccadic attention exerts its influence on vision in a spatially and feature-selective manner, enhancing performance and sharpening feature tuning at the future gaze location before the eyes start moving.},
keywords = {RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Saccadic eye movements cause a rapid sweep of the visual image across the retina and bring the saccade's target into high-acuity foveal vision. Even before saccade onset, visual processing is selectively prioritized at the saccade target. To determine how this presaccadic attention shift exerts its influence on visual selection, we compare the dynamics of perceptual tuning curves before movement onset at the saccade target and in the opposite hemifield. Participants monitored a 30-Hz sequence of randomly oriented gratings for a target orientation. Combining a reverse correlation technique previously used to study orientation tuning in neurons and general additive mixed modeling, we found that perceptual reports were tuned to the target orientation. The gain of orientation tuning increased markedly within the last 100 ms before saccade onset. In addition, we observed finer orientation tuning right before saccade onset. This increase in gain and tuning occurred at the saccade target location and was not observed at the incongruent location in the opposite hemifield. The present findings suggest, therefore, that presaccadic attention exerts its influence on vision in a spatially and feature-selective manner, enhancing performance and sharpening feature tuning at the future gaze location before the eyes start moving.
160.
Barraza-Bernal, Maria J.; Ivanov, Iliya V.; Nill, Svenja; Rifai, Katharina; Trauzettel-Klosinski, Susanne; Wahl, Siegfried
Can positions in the visual field with high attentional capabilities be good candidates for a new preferred retinal locus? Journal Article
In: Vision Research, vol. 140, pp. 1–12, 2017, ISSN: 0042-6989.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: VIEWPixx3D
@article{barraza-bernal_can_2017,
title = {Can positions in the visual field with high attentional capabilities be good candidates for a new preferred retinal locus?},
author = {Maria J. Barraza-Bernal and Iliya V. Ivanov and Svenja Nill and Katharina Rifai and Susanne Trauzettel-Klosinski and Siegfried Wahl},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698917301475},
doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2017.07.009},
issn = {0042-6989},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
urldate = {2023-12-22},
journal = {Vision Research},
volume = {140},
pages = {1–12},
abstract = {The sustained component of visual attention lowers the perceptual threshold of stimuli located at the attended region. Attentional performance is not equal for all eccentric positions, leading to variations in perception. The location of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation might be influenced by these attentional variations. This study investigated the relation between the placement of sustained attention and the location of a developed PRL using simulations of central scotoma. Thirteen normally sighted subjects participated in the study. Monocular sustained attention was measured in discrete eccentric locations of the visual field using the dominant eye. Subsequently, a six degrees macular scotoma was simulated and PRL training was performed during eight ten-minutes blocks of trials. After training, every subject developed a PRL. Subjects with high attentional capabilities in the lower hemifield generally developed PRLs in the lower hemifield (n=10), subjects with high attentional capabilities in the upper hemifield developed PRLs in the upper hemifield (n=2) and one subject with similar attentional capabilities in the upper and lower hemifield developed the PRL on the upper hemifield. Analyzed individually, the results showed that 70% of the subjects had a PRL location in the hemifield where high attentional performance was achieved. These results suggest that attentional capabilities can be used as a predictor for the development of the PRL and are of significance for low vision rehabilitation and for the development of new PRL training procedures, with the option for a preventive attentional training in early macular disease to develop a favorable PRL.},
keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The sustained component of visual attention lowers the perceptual threshold of stimuli located at the attended region. Attentional performance is not equal for all eccentric positions, leading to variations in perception. The location of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation might be influenced by these attentional variations. This study investigated the relation between the placement of sustained attention and the location of a developed PRL using simulations of central scotoma. Thirteen normally sighted subjects participated in the study. Monocular sustained attention was measured in discrete eccentric locations of the visual field using the dominant eye. Subsequently, a six degrees macular scotoma was simulated and PRL training was performed during eight ten-minutes blocks of trials. After training, every subject developed a PRL. Subjects with high attentional capabilities in the lower hemifield generally developed PRLs in the lower hemifield (n=10), subjects with high attentional capabilities in the upper hemifield developed PRLs in the upper hemifield (n=2) and one subject with similar attentional capabilities in the upper and lower hemifield developed the PRL on the upper hemifield. Analyzed individually, the results showed that 70% of the subjects had a PRL location in the hemifield where high attentional performance was achieved. These results suggest that attentional capabilities can be used as a predictor for the development of the PRL and are of significance for low vision rehabilitation and for the development of new PRL training procedures, with the option for a preventive attentional training in early macular disease to develop a favorable PRL.