Open Access Publications

@article{burge_continuous_2024,

title = {Continuous psychophysics shows millisecond-scale visual processing delays are faithfully preserved in movement dynamics},

author = {Johannes Burge and Lawrence K. Cormack},

url = {https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2793651},

doi = {10.1167/jov.24.5.4},

issn = {1534-7362},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-01},

urldate = {2024-05-09},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {24},

number = {5},

pages = {4–4},

note = {Publisher: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{laurin_reduced_2024,

title = {Reduced spatial attentional distribution in older adults},

author = {Anne-Sophie Laurin and Julie Ouerfelli-Ethier and Laure Pisella and Aarlenne Zein Khan},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.4.8},

doi = {10.1167/jov.24.4.8},

issn = {1534-7362},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-04-01},

urldate = {2024-04-11},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {24},

number = {4},

pages = {8},

abstract = {Older adults show decline in visual search performance, but the underlying cause remains unclear. It has been suggested that older adults’ altered performance may be related to reduced spatial attention to peripheral visual information compared with younger adults. In this study, 18 younger (M = 21.6 years) and 16 older (M = 69.1 years) participants performed pop-out and serial visual search tasks with variously sized gaze-contingent artificial central scotomas (3°, 5°, or 7° diameter). By occluding central vision, we measured how attention to the periphery was contributing to the search performance. We also tested the effect of target eccentricity on search times and eye movements. We hypothesized that, if attention is reduced primarily in the periphery in older adults, we would observe longer search times for more eccentric targets and with central occlusion. During the pop-out search, older adults showed a steeper decline in search performance with increasing eccentricity and central scotoma size compared with younger adults. In contrast, during the serial search, older adults had longer search times than younger adults overall, independent of target eccentricity and scotoma size. Longer search times were attributed to higher cost-per-item slopes, indicating increased difficulty in simultaneously processing complex symbols made up of separable features in aging, possibly stemming from challenges in spatially binding individual features. Altogether, our findings point to fewer attentional resources of simultaneous visual processing to distribute over space or separable features of objects, consistent with decreased dorsal visual stream functioning in aging.},

keywords = {RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kumano_employment_2024,

title = {Employment of time-varying sensory evidence to test the mechanisms underlying flexible decision-making},

author = {Hironori Kumano and Takanori Uka},

url = {https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/fulltext/2024/02010/employment_of_time_varying_sensory_evidence_to.5.aspx},

doi = {10.1097/WNR.0000000000001980},

issn = {0959-4965},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

urldate = {2024-01-09},

journal = {NeuroReport},

volume = {35},

number = {2},

pages = {107},

abstract = {To make flexible decisions in dynamic environments, the brain must integrate behaviorally relevant information while simultaneously discarding irrelevant information. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for discarding irrelevant information during context-dependent decision-making. We trained two macaque monkeys to switch between direction and depth discrimination tasks in successive trials. During decision-making, the strength of the motion or depth signal changes transiently at various times, introducing a brief pulse. We assessed the effects of pulse on behavioral choices. Consistent with previous findings, early relevant pulses, such as motion pulses during direction discrimination, had a significantly larger effect compared to late pulses. Critically, the effects of irrelevant pulses, such as motion pulses during depth discrimination, exhibited an initial minimal effect, followed by an increase and subsequent decrease as a function of pulse timing. Gating mechanisms alone, aimed at discarding irrelevant information, did not account for the observed time course of pulse effects. Instead, the observed increase in the effects of irrelevant pulses with time suggested the involvement of a leaky integration mechanism. The results suggested that the brain controls the amount of disposal in accumulating sensory evidence during flexible decision-making.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{maruya_perceptual_2024,

title = {Perceptual transitions between object rigidity and non-rigidity: Competition and cooperation among motion energy, feature tracking, and shape-based priors},

author = {Akihito Maruya and Qasim Zaidi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.2.3},

doi = {10.1167/jov.24.2.3},

issn = {1534-7362},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

urldate = {2024-02-06},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {24},

number = {2},

pages = {3},

abstract = {Why do moving objects appear rigid when projected retinal images are deformed non-rigidly? We used rotating rigid objects that can appear rigid or non-rigid to test whether shape features contribute to rigidity perception. When two circular rings were rigidly linked at an angle and jointly rotated at moderate speeds, observers reported that the rings wobbled and were not linked rigidly, but rigid rotation was reported at slow speeds. When gaps, paint, or vertices were added, the rings appeared rigidly rotating even at moderate speeds. At high speeds, all configurations appeared non-rigid. Salient features thus contribute to rigidity at slow and moderate speeds but not at high speeds. Simulated responses of arrays of motion-energy cells showed that motion flow vectors are predominantly orthogonal to the contours of the rings, not parallel to the rotation direction. A convolutional neural network trained to distinguish flow patterns for wobbling versus rotation gave a high probability of wobbling for the motion-energy flows. However, the convolutional neural network gave high probabilities of rotation for motion flows generated by tracking features with arrays of MT pattern-motion cells and corner detectors. In addition, circular rings can appear to spin and roll despite the absence of any sensory evidence, and this illusion is prevented by vertices, gaps, and painted segments, showing the effects of rotational symmetry and shape. Combining convolutional neural network outputs that give greater weight to motion energy at fast speeds and to feature tracking at slow speeds, with the shape-based priors for wobbling and rolling, explained rigid and non-rigid percepts across shapes and speeds (R2 = 0.95). The results demonstrate how cooperation and competition between different neuronal classes lead to specific states of visual perception and to transitions between the states.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mendoza-halliday_ubiquitous_2024,

title = {A ubiquitous spectrolaminar motif of local field potential power across the primate cortex},

author = {Diego Mendoza-Halliday and Alex James Major and Noah Lee and Maxwell J. Lichtenfeld and Brock Carlson and Blake Mitchell and Patrick D. Meng and Yihan (Sophy) Xiong and Jacob A. Westerberg and Xiaoxuan Jia and Kevin D. Johnston and Janahan Selvanayagam and Stefan Everling and Alexander Maier and Robert Desimone and Earl K. Miller and André M. Bastos},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01554-7},

doi = {10.1038/s41593-023-01554-7},

issn = {1546-1726},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-18},

journal = {Nature Neuroscience},

pages = {1–14},

abstract = {The mammalian cerebral cortex is anatomically organized into a six-layer motif. It is currently unknown whether a corresponding laminar motif of neuronal activity patterns exists across the cortex. Here we report such a motif in the power of local field potentials (LFPs). Using laminar probes, we recorded LFPs from 14 cortical areas across the cortical hierarchy in five macaque monkeys. The laminar locations of recordings were histologically identified by electrolytic lesions. Across all areas, we found a ubiquitous spectrolaminar pattern characterized by an increasing deep-to-superficial layer gradient of high-frequency power peaking in layers 2/3 and an increasing superficial-to-deep gradient of alpha-beta power peaking in layers 5/6. Laminar recordings from additional species showed that the spectrolaminar pattern is highly preserved among primates—macaque, marmoset and human—but more dissimilar in mouse. Our results suggest the existence of a canonical layer-based and frequency-based mechanism for cortical computation.},

note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{campbell_severe_2024,

title = {Severe processing capacity limits for sub-lexical features of letter strings},

author = {Maya Campbell and Nicole Oppenheimer and Alex L. White},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-023-02830-1},

doi = {10.3758/s13414-023-02830-1},

issn = {1943-393X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-08},

journal = {Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics},

abstract = {When reading, the visual system is confronted with many words simultaneously. How much of that information can a reader process at once? Previous studies demonstrated that low-level visual features of multiple words are processed in parallel, but lexical attributes are processed serially, for one word at a time. This implies that an internal bottleneck lies somewhere between early visual and lexical analysis. We used a dual-task behavioral paradigm to investigate whether this bottleneck lies at the stage of letter recognition or phonological decoding. On each trial, two letter strings were flashed briefly, one above and one below fixation, and then masked. In the letter identification experiment, participants indicated whether a vowel was present in a particular letter string. In the phonological decoding experiment, participants indicated whether the letter string was pronounceable. We compared accuracy in a focused attention condition, in which participants judged only one of the two strings, with accuracy in a divided attention condition, in which participants judged both strings independently. In both experiments, the cost of dividing attention was so large that it supported a serial model: participants were able to process only one letter string per trial. Furthermore, we found a stimulus processing trade-off that is characteristic of serial processing: When participants judged one string correctly, they were less likely to judge the other string correctly. Therefore, the bottleneck that constrains word recognition under these conditions arises at a sub-lexical level, perhaps due to a limit on the efficiency of letter recognition.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim_pupil_2023,

title = {Pupil Size Is Sensitive to Low-Level Stimulus Features, Independent of Arousal-Related Modulation},

author = {June Hee Kim and Christine Yin and Elisha P. Merriam and Zvi N. Roth},

url = {https://www.eneuro.org/content/10/10/ENEURO.0005-23.2023},

doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0005-23.2023},

issn = {2373-2822},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

urldate = {2024-01-17},

journal = {eNeuro},

volume = {10},

number = {10},

abstract = {Visual Abstract <img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image" alt="Figure" src="https://www.eneuro.org/content/eneuro/10/10/ENEURO.0005-23.2023/F1.medium.gif" width="440" height="243"/>Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerpoint 

Similar to a camera aperture, pupil size adjusts to the surrounding luminance. Unlike a camera, pupil size is additionally modulated both by stimulus properties and by cognitive processes, including attention and arousal, though the interdependence of these factors is unclear. We hypothesized that different stimulus properties interact to jointly modulate pupil size while remaining independent from the impact of arousal. We measured pupil responses from human observers to equiluminant stimuli during a demanding rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task at fixation and tested how response amplitude depends on contrast, spatial frequency, and reward level. We found that under constant luminance, unattended stimuli evoke responses that are separable from changes caused by general arousal or attention. We further uncovered a double-dissociation between task-related responses and stimulus-evoked responses, suggesting that different sources of pupil size modulation are independent of one another. Our results shed light on neural pathways underlying pupillary response.},

note = {Publisher: Society for Neuroscience 

Section: Research Article: New Research},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{neumann_effect_2021,

title = {Effect of short-wavelength light emitting screen technologies on human contrast sensitivity},

author = {Antonia Neumann and Katharina Breher and Siegfried Wahl},

issn = {1552-5783},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},

volume = {62},

number = {8},

pages = {1375},

abstract = {Blue light (short-wavelength light) is a part of the visible electromagnetic light spectrum for the human eye. Short wavelengths have a higher energetic radiation compared to middle and long wavelengths, which might have multiple effects on retinal processes. This study was conducted to investigate whether commonly available screen technologies are able to elicit changes in contrast sensitivity (CS) and therefore may be used to control myopia eventually. In total, 30 right eyes were randomly stimulated with light of different wavelengths: ∼480 nm, ∼530 nm, ∼630 nm and polychromatic light ∼380-780 nm, for 3 min each presented on a liquid crystal display, the ViewPixx/3D (VPixx Technologies, Saint-Bruno, Canada). Light stimulation was performed full field (FF) and only on the optic nerve head (ONH). CS was measured before any stimulation as reference and after each stimulation condition using a new and time-efficient CS test with Gabor patches and the method of adjustment for 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 cycles per degree (cpd). Changes in CS after stimulation conditions were analyzed by three-way repeated measures analysis of variance. In a priorly conducted complementary study on a subset of five participants, the new CS test was verified to a validated CS test regarding agreement, repeatability (COR) and time. The new CS test was used with 3 trials per spatial frequency (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.94},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{webb_effect_2019,

title = {The effect of facial expression on contrast sensitivity: A behavioural investigation and extension of Hedger, Adams & Garner (2015)},

author = {Abigail L. M. Webb and Paul B. Hibbard},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205621},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0205621},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-01},

urldate = {2024-01-18},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {14},

number = {11},

pages = {e0205621},

abstract = {It has been argued that rapid visual processing for fearful face expressions is driven by the fact that effective contrast is higher in these faces compared to other expressions, when the contrast sensitivity function is taken into account. This proposal has been upheld by data from image analyses, but is yet to be tested at the behavioural level. The present study conducts a traditional contrast sensitivity task for face images of various facial expressions. Findings show that visual contrast thresholds do not differ for different facial expressions We re-conduct analysis of faces’ effective contrast, using the procedure developed by Hedger, Adams and Garner, and show that higher effective contrast in fearful face expressions relies on face images first being normalised for RMS contrast. When not normalised for RMS contrast, effective contrast in fear expressions is no different, or sometimes even lower, compared to other expressions. However, the effect of facial expression on detection in a backward masking study did not depend on the type of contrast normalisation used. These findings are discussed in relation to the implications of contrast normalisation on the salience of face expressions in behavioural and neurophysiological experiments, and also the extent that natural physical differences between facial stimuli are masked during stimulus standardisation and normalisation.},

note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},

keywords = {RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{asher_spatial_2019,

title = {Spatial Frequency Tuning and Transfer of Perceptual Learning for Motion Coherence Reflects the Tuning Properties of Global Motion Processing},

author = {Jordi M. Asher and Vincenzo Romei and Paul B. Hibbard},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/3/3/44},

doi = {10.3390/vision3030044},

issn = {2411-5150},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-01},

urldate = {2024-01-17},

journal = {Vision},

volume = {3},

number = {3},

pages = {44},

abstract = {Perceptual learning is typically highly specific to the stimuli and task used during training. However, recently, it has been shown that training on global motion can transfer to untrained tasks, reflecting the generalising properties of mechanisms at this level of processing. We investigated (i) if feedback was required for learning in a motion coherence task, (ii) the transfer across the spatial frequency of training on a global motion coherence task and (iii) the transfer of this training to a measure of contrast sensitivity. For our first experiment, two groups, with and without feedback, trained for ten days on a broadband motion coherence task. Results indicated that feedback was a requirement for robust learning. For the second experiment, training consisted of five days of direction discrimination using one of three motion coherence stimuli (where individual elements were comprised of either broadband Gaussian blobs or low- or high-frequency random-dot Gabor patches), with trial-by-trial auditory feedback. A pre- and post-training assessment was conducted for each of the three types of global motion coherence conditions and high and low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity (both without feedback). Our training paradigm was successful at eliciting improvement in the trained tasks over the five days. Post-training assessments found evidence of transfer for the motion coherence task exclusively for the group trained on low spatial frequency elements. For the contrast sensitivity tasks, improved performance was observed for low- and high-frequency stimuli, following motion coherence training with broadband stimuli, and for low-frequency stimuli, following low-frequency training. Our findings are consistent with perceptual learning, which depends on the global stage of motion processing in higher cortical areas, which is broadly tuned for spatial frequency, with a preference for low frequencies.},

note = {Number: 3 

Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

keywords = {RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pinchuk-yacobi_orientation-selective_2019,

title = {Orientation-selective adaptation improves perceptual grouping},

author = {Noga Pinchuk-Yacobi and Dov Sagi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/19.9.6},

doi = {10.1167/19.9.6},

issn = {1534-7362},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-01},

urldate = {2024-01-16},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {19},

number = {9},

pages = {6},

abstract = {The role of visual pattern adaptation, and learning, in spatial integration was investigated. Observers reported whether a grid of identical tilted bars was perceived as rows or columns (perceptual grouping task). Performance was measured multiple times during a session to determine effects of repeated exposure to the stimuli. To test for possible effects of learning on the within-session dynamics, observers repeated the experiment on five days. We found that repeated performance produced rapid within-day improvements, which were largely transient and were not retained on subsequent days. In addition, exposure to stimuli with equal orientation contributed to the within-session improvement, whereas stimuli having an orientation differing by 45° from the original orientation diminished the improvement previously obtained in the same session. Practice with the task over days resulted in faster improvements. The transient nature of these exposure-driven improvements and their susceptibility to interference by stimuli designed to reduce adaptation suggest that adaptation was their main cause. Finally, to investigate the effects of adaptation on internal noise and on spatial integration, we employed an external-noise paradigm, showing that internal-noise reduction resulted from adaptation. Internal noise was reduced only when spatial integration was effective, suggesting that adaptation improved perception of global stimulus properties. Overall, our results suggest that the grouping task benefits from an adaptation process that rapidly adjusts the visual system to the statistics of the visual stimuli. We suggest that this effect is achieved through spatial decorrelation of neural responses. With practice, those adjustments are made faster.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{baker_dynamic_2019,

title = {Dynamic properties of internal noise probed by modulating binocular rivalry},

author = {Daniel H. Baker and Bruno Richard},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007071},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007071},

issn = {1553-7358},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-01},

urldate = {2024-01-02},

journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {e1007071},

abstract = {Neural systems are inherently noisy, and this noise can affect our perception from moment to moment. This is particularly apparent in binocular rivalry, where perception of competing stimuli shown to the left and right eyes alternates over time. We modulated rivalling stimuli using dynamic sequences of external noise of various rates and amplitudes. We repeated each external noise sequence twice, and assessed the consistency of percepts across repetitions. External noise modulations of sufficiently high contrast increased consistency scores above baseline, and were most effective at 1/8Hz. A computational model of rivalry in which internal noise has a 1/f (pink) temporal amplitude spectrum, and a standard deviation of 16% contrast, provided the best account of our data. Our novel technique provides detailed estimates of the dynamic properties of internal noise during binocular rivalry, and by extension the stochastic processes that drive our perception and other types of spontaneous brain activity.},

note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},

keywords = {3DPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{stacchi_neural_2019,

title = {Neural Representations of Faces Are Tuned to Eye Movements},

author = {Lisa Stacchi and Meike Ramon and Junpeng Lao and Roberto Caldara},

url = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/39/21/4113},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2968-18.2019},

issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

urldate = {2024-01-12},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {39},

number = {21},

pages = {4113–4123},

abstract = {Eye movements provide a functional signature of how human vision is achieved. Many recent studies have consistently reported robust idiosyncratic visual sampling strategies during face recognition. Whether these interindividual differences are mirrored by idiosyncratic neural responses remains unknown. To this aim, we first tracked eye movements of male and female observers during face recognition. Additionally, for every observer we obtained an objective index of neural face discrimination through EEG that was recorded while they fixated different facial information. We found that foveation of facial features fixated longer during face recognition elicited stronger neural face discrimination responses across all observers. This relationship occurred independently of interindividual differences in preferential facial information sampling (e.g., eye vs mouth lookers), and started as early as the first fixation. Our data show that eye movements play a functional role during face processing by providing the neural system with the information that is diagnostic to a specific observer. The effective processing of identity involves idiosyncratic, rather than universal face representations. 

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When engaging in face recognition, observers deploy idiosyncratic fixation patterns to sample facial information. Whether these individual differences concur with idiosyncratic face-sensitive neural responses remains unclear. To address this issue, we recorded observers' fixation patterns, as well as their neural face discrimination responses elicited during fixation of 10 different locations on the face, corresponding to different types of facial information. Our data reveal a clear interplay between individuals' face-sensitive neural responses and their idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns during identity processing, which emerges as early as the first fixation. Collectively, our findings favor the existence of idiosyncratic, rather than universal face representations.},

note = {Publisher: Society for Neuroscience 

Section: Research Articles},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kraft_contrast_2019,

title = {Contrast adaptation appears independent of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye},

author = {Caroline Kraft and Alexander Leube and Arne Ohlendorf and Siegfried Wahl},

url = {https://opg.optica.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?uri=josaa-36-4-B77},

doi = {10.1364/JOSAA.36.000B77},

issn = {1520-8532},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

urldate = {2024-01-02},

journal = {JOSA A},

volume = {36},

number = {4},

pages = {B77–B84},

abstract = {As ocular chromatic aberration was suspected to cue contrast adaptation in human vision, the purpose of this study was to investigate contrast adaptation under monochromatic light conditions. Single and complex frequency adaptation stimuli were used, and monochromatic conditions were achieved using band pass filters with short (470±2 nm), medium (530±2 nm), and long (630±2 nm) transmission wavelengths. Post-adaptational contrast sensitivity was shown to be significantly decreased for all wavelength conditions for the single frequency stimulus. A significant difference of contrast adaptation between short and long wavelengths was found. Consistently, adaptation led to a significant decrease in contrast sensitivity for the complex frequency stimulus. To conclude, contrast adaptation under mesopic illumination occurs independently of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye; it can be inferred that this mechanism can be used to distinguish between the sign of optical defocus in poly- and monochromatic light conditions.},

note = {Publisher: Optica Publishing Group},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zavitz_correlated_2019,

title = {Correlated Variability in the Neurons With the Strongest Tuning Improves Direction Coding},

author = {Elizabeth Zavitz and Hsin-Hao Yu and Marcello G P Rosa and Nicholas S C Price},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx344},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhx344},

issn = {1047-3211},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-02-01},

urldate = {2024-01-02},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {615–626},

abstract = {Sensory perception depends on neuronal populations creating an accurate representation of the external world. The amount of information that a population can represent depends on the tuning of individual neurons and the trial-by-trial variability shared among neurons. Although on average, pairwise spike-count correlations between neurons are positive, the distribution is wide, and the relationship between correlations and encoding is not straightforward. Here, we examine how single-neuron and population-level factors impact the efficacy of the neural code. We recorded responses to moving visual stimuli from motion-sensitive neurons in the middle temporal area of anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and trained decoders to assess how correlated and uncorrelated populations encoded stimulus motion direction. We found that the most responsive, direction-selective, and least variable neurons are the most relied-upon neurons in an uncorrelated population. In correlated populations, the same neurons do the most to shape the shared variability across the population in a way that facilitates decoding, and decoding is improved by the presence of temporally stable correlations. This suggests that the least variable neurons with the strongest stimulus representations enhance the population code by providing a strong signal and shaping correlations in variability orthogonally to the locus defined by the mean response.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim_real-time_2019,

title = {Real-time experimental control using network-based parallel processing},

author = {Byounghoon Kim and Shobha Channabasappa Kenchappa and Adhira Sunkara and Ting-Yu Chang and Lowell Thompson and Raymond Doudlah and Ari Rosenberg},

editor = {Sacha B Nelson and Michael J Frank and Sacha B Nelson and Niraj Desai},

url = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40231},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.40231},

issn = {2050-084X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-02-01},

urldate = {2024-01-17},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {8},

pages = {e40231},

abstract = {Modern neuroscience research often requires the coordination of multiple processes such as stimulus generation, real-time experimental control, as well as behavioral and neural measurements. The technical demands required to simultaneously manage these processes with high temporal fidelity is a barrier that limits the number of labs performing such work. Here we present an open-source, network-based parallel processing framework that lowers this barrier. The Real-Time Experimental Control with Graphical User Interface (REC-GUI) framework offers multiple advantages: (i) a modular design that is agnostic to coding language(s) and operating system(s) to maximize experimental flexibility and minimize researcher effort, (ii) simple interfacing to connect multiple measurement and recording devices, (iii) high temporal fidelity by dividing task demands across CPUs, and (iv) real-time control using a fully customizable and intuitive GUI. We present applications for human, non-human primate, and rodent studies which collectively demonstrate that the REC-GUI framework facilitates technically demanding, behavior-contingent neuroscience research. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).},

note = {Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},

keywords = {3DPixx, 3DPolarizer, DATAPixx, PROPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wahl_comparison_2019,

title = {Comparison of two devices to simulate vision with intraocular lenses},

author = {Siegfried Wahl and Chengyang Song and Arne Ohlendorf},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6324601/},

doi = {10.2147/OPTH.S188890},

issn = {1177-5467},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-02},

journal = {Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)},

volume = {13},

pages = {123–130},

abstract = {Introduction 

The simulation of vision with intraocular lenses (IOLs) prior to the clinical validation is of great interest for manufacturers as well as clinicians. We have tested the influence of different IOLs on the perception of contrast using different devices. 

Materials and methods 

A Rassow telescope and the VirtIOL have been used to assess the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) through monfocal IOL (CT Asphina 409 MP, IOL 1), multifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839 MP, IOL 2) and extended-depth-of-focus-IOL (TECNIS Symfony ZXR00, IOL3) in 21 participants, aged between 22 and 29 years. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested at various spatial frequencies (3–30 cycles per degree), using the Tuebingen contrast sensitivity test. 

Results All tested IOL reduced the CS when compared to measurements with a trial lens correction of refractive errors. The analysis of the area under the curve of the contrast sensitivity function (AUC-CSF) revealed a significant reduction compared to the trial lens correction in case the Rassow telescope was used (IOL 1: P=0.008; IOL2: P<0.001; IOL3: P<0.001) and the same was true for the VirtIOL device for IOL2 and IOL3 (IOL2: P<0.001; IOL3: P<0.001), but not for IOL1 (P=0.192). Interdevice analysis of the AUC-CSF revealed significant differences for IOL1 and IOL2 (IOL1: P=0.025; IOL2: P<0.001), while no difference was found for IOL3 (P=0.092). Bland–Altman analysis as well as intraclass correlations coefficients indicated only weak interdevice agreement for the tested IOL. 

Conclusion 

The assessment of the interdevice analysis for the Rassow telescope and the VirtIOL device revealed only a minor agreement between the two devices. In order to investigate vision with IOLs prior to a clinical validation, the use of the VirtIOL device is recommended.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{quaia_binocular_2018,

title = {Binocular Summation for Reflexive Eye Movements: A Potential Diagnostic Tool for Stereodeficiencies},

author = {Christian Quaia and Edmond J. FitzGibbon and Lance M. Optican and Bruce G. Cumming},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6284466/},

doi = {10.1167/iovs.18-24520},

issn = {0146-0404},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-12-01},

urldate = {2023-12-22},

journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},

volume = {59},

number = {15},

pages = {5816–5822},

abstract = {Purpose 

Stereoscopic vision, by detecting interocular correlations, enhances depth perception. Stereodeficiencies often emerge during the first months of life, and left untreated can lead to severe loss of visual acuity in one eye and/or strabismus. Early treatment results in much better outcomes, yet diagnostic tests for infants are cumbersome and not widely available. We asked whether reflexive eye movements, which in principle can be recorded even in infants, can be used to identify stereodeficiencies. 

Methods 

Reflexive ocular following eye movements induced by fast drifting noise stimuli were recorded in 10 adult human participants (5 with normal stereoacuity, 5 stereodeficient). To manipulate interocular correlation, the stimuli shown to the two eyes were either identical, different, or had opposite contrast. Monocular presentations were also interleaved. The participants were asked to passively fixate the screen. 

Results 

In the participants with normal stereoacuity, the responses to binocular identical stimuli were significantly larger than those induced by binocular opposite stimuli. In the stereodeficient participants the responses were indistinguishable. Despite the small size of ocular following responses, 40 trials, corresponding to less than 2 minutes of testing, were sufficient to reliably differentiate normal from stereodeficient participants. 

Conclusions 

Ocular-following eye movements, because of their reliance on cortical neurons sensitive to interocular correlations, are affected by stereodeficiencies. Because these eye movements can be recorded noninvasively and with minimal participant cooperation, they can potentially be measured even in infants and might thus provide an useful screening tool for this currently underserved population.},

keywords = {VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ouerfelli-ethier_anti-saccades_2018,

title = {Anti-saccades predict cognitive functions in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease},

author = {Julie Ouerfelli-Ethier and Basma Elsaeid and Julie Desgroseilliers and Douglas P. Munoz and Gunnar Blohm and Aarlenne Zein Khan},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261587/},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0207589},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-01},

urldate = {2023-12-21},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

pages = {e0207589},

abstract = {A major component of cognitive control is the ability to act flexibly in the environment by either behaving automatically or inhibiting an automatic behaviour. The interleaved pro/anti-saccade task measures cognitive control because the task relies on one’s abilities to switch flexibly between pro and anti-saccades, and inhibit automatic saccades during anti-saccade trials. Decline in cognitive control occurs during aging or neurological illnesses such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), and indicates decline in other cognitive abilities, such as memory. However, little is known about the relationship between cognitive control and other cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether anti-saccade performance can predict decision-making, visual memory, and pop-out and serial visual search performance. We tested 34 younger adults, 22 older adults, and 20 PD patients on four tasks: an interleaved pro/anti-saccade, a spatial visual memory, a decision-making and two types of visual search (pop-out and serial) tasks. Anti-saccade performance was a good predictor of decision-making and visual memory abilities for both older adults and PD patients, while it predicted visual search performance to a larger extent in PD patients. Our results thus demonstrate the suitability of the interleaved pro/anti-saccade task as a cognitive marker of cognitive control in aging and PD populations.},

keywords = {RESPONSEPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{asher_first-_2018,

title = {First- and second-order contributions to depth perception in anti-correlated random dot stereograms},

author = {Jordi M. Asher and Paul B. Hibbard},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32500-4},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-32500-4},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-09-01},

urldate = {2024-01-03},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

pages = {14120},

abstract = {The binocular energy model of neural responses predicts that depth from binocular disparity might be perceived in the reversed direction when the contrast of dots presented to one eye is reversed. While reversed-depth has been found using anti-correlated random-dot stereograms (ACRDS) the findings are inconsistent across studies. The mixed findings may be accounted for by the presence of a gap between the target and surround, or as a result of overlap of dots around the vertical edges of the stimuli. To test this, we assessed whether (1) the gap size (0, 19.2 or 38.4 arc min) (2) the correlation of dots or (3) the border orientation (circular target, or horizontal or vertical edge) affected the perception of depth. Reversed-depth from ACRDS (circular no-gap condition) was seen by a minority of participants, but this effect reduced as the gap size increased. Depth was mostly perceived in the correct direction for ACRDS edge stimuli, with the effect increasing with the gap size. The inconsistency across conditions can be accounted for by the relative reliability of first- and second-order depth detection mechanisms, and the coarse spatial resolution of the latter.},

note = {Number: 1 

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},

keywords = {3DPixx, VIEWPixx3D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}